If your critical value is ±1.96 and your z-value is -2.44, do you reject the sample mean represents the underlying population or not?

One problem that exists when a researcher uses surveys and questionnaires is that the data they collect may not be accurate. As your author points out, even if a respondent is "unfailingly honest" and has no intent to provide answers that are untrue,

why might their responses still be inaccurate or incomplete? a. Because there are some questions that cannot be asked via the use of a survey or questionnaire. b. Because all questionnaires and surveys, regardless of their purpose, are biased against certain types of respondents. c. Because the people assessing the answers provided on a survey or questionnaire may make mistakes in how the score the responses. d. Because even very honest people don't have completely objective views of their own behaviors.

Describe the adaptation of Stern's formula for calculating IQ that is made in order to arrive at a whole number

What will be an ideal response?