Thanks to a brainstorm on the part of Yolanda, chief operations officer for Top Mart Building Supply, the company just had a very productive afternoon. Top management, along with sales personnel and front-line workers, sat down together in a number of break-out sessions that gave employees an opportunity to discuss their ideas, wish lists, complaints, and so forth. This is an example of

a. upward communication
b. boundarylessness
c. open-book management
d. coaching
e. reflection

a. upward communication