Carl and "his amazing canines" are an act in the circus. Jumping through a fiery hoop is one of the acts. At the onset of this training, Carl reinforced the dogs for each movement toward the hoop. Eventually, they were reinforced as they neared the hoop. What is this an example of?

Continuity is the tendency _________________

a) to perceive objects, or figures, on some background b) to complete figures that are incomplete c) to perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping d) to perceive things as having a continuous pattern rather than with a complex, broken-up pattern

Which of the following statements is true about age differences in children's research risks?

A) Young children are more susceptible than older children to procedures that threaten the way they view themselves. B) Adolescents may be better than younger children at sizing up and rejecting researchers' deceptive evaluations. C) Receiving false negative feedback tends to be more stressful for very young children than for school-age children. D) Children in middle childhood, but not adolescents or young children, feel external pressure to continue with a study.