With respect to language, semantics refers to the meaning contained in the words of sentences

A strong positive correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked and the amount of alcohol consumed per day can be interpreted to mean that

a. smoking leads to drinking b. drinking leads to smoking c. a third variable such as stress increases both behavior d. any of the above

According to the authors of your text, what is one way people can begin to learn from their mistakes?

a. by adding new cognitions to justify their actions b. by changing their behavior in response to dissonance c. by recognizing the tendency to justify our actions d. by using denial and rationalization to cope with distress