Compared to the Democrats and Republicans, third party candidates might be disadvantaged by the Citizens United Supreme Court decision

The numerator of the F-test is

A) a measure based on within-groups error variation. B) the degrees of freedom. C) a measure based on between-groups variation. D) the sum of squares.

Which of the following is NOT true about India's federal system?

a. Under the Indian federal system, states formally control agriculture and education although their actual power is limited as they are dependent upon the central government for funds in these areas. b. States have demanded the devolution of power from the national government, a greater allocation of resources from the central government, and recognition of their distinctive cultural identities. c. Economic liberalization has allowed states to pursue foreign investment independently of the national government, thus resulting in widening regional disparities. d. Central–state relations are particularly intense when conflicting parties are in power at each level. e. Under India's federal system, the resources and planning and authority capabilities of local governments are very significant.