In a study of the effects of nicotine on concentration, participants who smoke are compared to those who do not on a measure of concentration. Identify the independent variable and dependent variable in this study. Is the independent variable a manipulated variable or a participant variable? What type of research method is used in this study?
What will be an ideal response?
The independent variable is the amount of nicotine (the smoking versus nonsmoking groups) and the dependent variable is concentration level. The independent variable is a participant variable because we are using participants who either chose to smoke or not to smoke. The study utilizes the quasi-experimental method.
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Which of the following is an incorrect statement concerning romantic relationships?
A) romantic relationships build on friendships B) Hispanic American and Asian American adolescents often date at older ages C) adolescents in romantic relationships typically have lower self-esteem and lack self confidence
When John meets new people, he immediately thinks about whether he has greater intellectual capacity than they do. George Kelly's theory would suggest that
A) John has a construct for defensiveness against smart people. B) John has a construct for smart versus dumb. C) John is overcompensating for low intellectual self-esteem. D) John's behavior is likely to change with the situation, so he won't always see people in these terms. E) John is insecure.