Which of the following is an example of using vicarious reinforcement?
a. An advertisement for a medicine that explains both the benefits and the risks
b. An advertisement for a politician that emphasizes the faults of his/her opponent
c. An advertisement for the lottery, showing happy winners
d. An advertisement for a movie that shows a few typical scenes
c
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As scientists, psychologists have confidence in theories that
a. have stood the test of time. b. reveal the true nature of human behavior. c. are tied to observable evidence. d. do not rely simply on observation. e. are accepted by the majority of leading scholars.
Scientists interested in how brain chemicals affect mental disorders have found that lithium carbonate is effective in the treatment of
a. bipolar disorders. b. conversion disorders. c. phobias. d. SAD.