Which of the following is NOT an official ethical requirement for research with human subjects?
A) Participants must be given the chance for informed consent, and be free to withdraw at any time.
B) Projects must be approved by an institutional review board.
C) The full purpose of a study must be explained to participants before they begin.
D) Participants should be assured that efforts will be taken to protect the confidentiality and anonymity of their data.
Answer: C) The full purpose of a study must be explained to participants before they begin.
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According to the article Yoking Smoking about operant conditioning, a situation in which a stimulus is
taken away and the frequency of the behavior increases is called (a) positive reinforcement (b) negative reinforcement (c) positive punishment (d) negative punishment
The children in Ramon's preschool class perform considerably better in situations in which they must follow some commands but not others, as in the game "Simon Says." This is an example of
A) analytical problem solving. B) deficiencies in frontal lobe functioning. C) age-related gains in inhibition. D) Sigeler's model of strategy choice.