Which presidents used their executive authority to fight racial discrimination, despite congressional resistance?

Which of the following transactions would be counted in calculating the GDP?

a. a pension payment b. a payment to Social Security c. the purchase of a new car d. the purchase of steel by the Ford Motor Company

Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)

1. Nuclear weapons changed the nature of the anarchic system of states. 2. American pluralism and open democracy confused the Soviets because it seemed like American foreign policy was too simple and clearly stated to be trusted. 3. Diplomat George Kennan, despite warning Truman early about the dangers of Soviet influence, became disillusioned as containment became highly ideological. 4. The risk of escalation raises doubts about the proportionality, and thus the morality, of nuclear deterrence. 5. During WWII, nationalism had little effect on Soviet foreign policy, having been supplanted by communist ideology.