Which organization(s) emerged in order to comply with laws regulating the contributions of interest groups to campaigns?

Why has the encouragement of the federal government itself been the most important of the dynamics behind the expanding interest group universe?

a. Congress passed laws making it easier for groups to organize such as sending mail for free. b. Changes in the law have allowed groups to lobby more freely to ensure that members of Congress have enough information. c. The growing scope of government activity has encouraged the proliferation of organizations in the nonprofit and public sectors. d. The presence of gridlock has meant that the only way to break through partisan stalemate is organizing separate groups from the parties.

Which of the following statements reflects the constructivist approach to understanding political identity?

A. The factors that create one's political identity are fixed and unchanging. B. Of all the factors that influence one's political identity, religion is the most potent. C. The forms, meaning, and political salience of different forms of identity can change. D. Individuals are completely free to choose their identity. E. Individuals attribute political importance to pre-existing forms of identity that are determined by their civilization.