In summarizing the research on the externalities associated with driving cars, a 2007 Journal of Economic Literature article concluded that the optimal corrective tax on gasoline in the United States, in 2015 dollars, would be about

Optimization in differences analyzes:

A) the total net benefits of the alternative that looks the most attractive. B) the change in the net benefits resulting from a shift from one alternative to another. C) only the costs of an alternative and not the benefits. D) the total net benefits of different alternatives.

Which of the following is a reason for economic discrimination to occur?

A) differences in access to education B) differences in gender C) differences in the quality of education D) barriers to entry in higher-paying occupations