While some use the visions they claim to have seen during a
near-death experience (friends, loved ones, a tunnel of light) as evidence of a peaceful afterlife, scientists have suggested that such experiences may actually be the result of a massive release of endorphins in a dying brain. Which concept of critical thinking is most important in this example?
A) Extraordinary claims
B) Correlation versus causation
C) Replicability
Incorrect. There is no repeated research being discussed in this particular situation.
D) Ruling out rival hypotheses
Answer: D
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Megan reads a research study which shows that children who see a lot of violence on television are more likely to be aggressive on the playground. Megan thinks,
"This is obvious; I could have predicted that!" Megan's reaction to the study is probably an example of: a. internal validity. b. the hindsight bias. c. external validity. d. psychological realism.
Overcrowding would be which kind of risk factor for mental disorder?
a. family factor b. social condition c. biological/organic factor d. psychological factor