Explain the expectancy-value model of school achievement, highlighting the contributions of both parents and adolescents, and give an example of each.

What will be an ideal response?

The ideal answer should include:
1. Parents' belief in the student's achievement changes parental behavior (e.g., parents who believe their child is good at a sport seek out opportunities for extra training for the child).
2. The child begins to believe that she or he has great potential (e.g., the child believes she or he has a talent for a particular sport).
3. The child then works harder or tries harder (e.g., the child makes extra efforts to practice the sport).
4. The child's behavior reinforces and strengthens parental beliefs, which starts the cycle again (e.g., the parents increase opportunities for the child to get extra training).