Economies of scale occur when
A) a firm's long-run average total costs fall as it increases the quantity of output it produces.
B) the marginal product of labor is greater than the average product of labor.
C) short-run marginal cost falls.
D) the demand for a firm's output increases.
Answer: A
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In 1961, real GDP totaled $575 billion and in 2011 it totaled $1,255 billion. Between 1961 and 2011, the population increased from 50 million to 100 million. Between 1961 and 2011, the standard of living based on real GDP per person
A) decreased from $125,500 to $28,750. B) increased by about 118 percent. C) increased from $11,500 to $12,550. D) decreased by 9 percent. E) increased by over 300 percent.
The theory that firms will be slow to change their products' prices in response to changes in demand because there are costs to changing prices is called
A) transactions cost theory. B) cost—benefit theory. C) menu cost theory. D) gift exchange theory.