Children who are frequently spanked tend to be ill behaved. What conclusion (if any) can we draw from this result?
a. Spanking leads to bad behaviors
b. Ill-behaved children provoke their parents to spank them.
c. Certain genes lead to ill-behaved children and short-tempered parents.
d. We can draw none of these conclusions.
d
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One of the most remarkable findings of Goleman's marshmallow study was that
a. the results correlated to later SAT scores. b. some four-year-olds did not like marshmallows. c. those who delayed gratification tended to be shy later in life. d. better students took the marshmallow more quickly. e. most children waited about five minutes before eating the marshmallow.
Ken participates in a psychology study where he has to make statements that are contrary to his thoughts and values. Then, the researchers reminded him of this inconsistency. Ken has participated in which of the following?
a. a cognitive dissonance effect b. a justification of effort c. a rationalization induction d. a hypocrisy induction