Which of the following descriptions best applies to the concept of groupthink?
a. A situation in which all the actors in a policy group are rational and make strategic decisions
b. Dysfunctional, collective decision-making characterized by a strong sense of a group’s moral righteousness, closed-mindedness, and pressures toward conformity
c. A group setting in which members provide accurate and shared information regarding a policy decision
d. A situation in which individuals outside a group cooperate with members inside a group to make policy decisions
b. Dysfunctional, collective decision-making characterized by a strong sense of a group’s moral righteousness, closed-mindedness, and pressures toward conformity
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Exemptions to sales taxes tend to make them less ________
A. intensive B. progressive C. regressive D. exhaustive
What is one limit of the midterm policy effect?
a. New representatives chosen in midterm elections have little impact on the course of policies since there are only two years left in the president’s term. b. Presidents often prefer that Congress be controlled by the opposing party. c. The executive can misinterpret the public’s intentions. d. The president is generally unconcerned with his party’s numbers in Congress. e. The president still has enormous power over foreign policy and national security.