What do positive and negative reinforcement have in common?
a. They both have aversive qualities.
b. They both have unpredictable qualities.
c. They both lead to a decrease in response frequencies.
d. They both lead to an increase in response frequencies.
D
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Tara and Keagan were identical twins. A school psychologist tested both of their IQs. When the IQ scores of identical twins differ, behavior genetics researchers attribute this primarily to differences in
a. heritability. b. genetics. c. random factors causing error in the test. d. experience.
Suppose that a group of men and women are working together in pairs, some in same-gender pairs and some in male-female pairs. Based on the research of Lott, which of the following people would be most likely to respond negatively to his or her partner?
a. A male working with another male b. A male working with a female c. A female working with another female d. A female working with a male