Smoking cigarettes and having lung cancer are highly correlated events, and people often logically conclude that smoking must cause the cancer. It is hypothetically possible, however, that having lung cancer causes one to crave nicotine and thus it leads to smoking. This example illustrates the issue of

Which of the following statements about vision in newborn babies is true?

A) Newborns are attracted to muted colors, such as gray, rather than colored stimuli. B) Newborns' eye movements are slow and inaccurate. C) Newborns tend to look at entire shapes rather than a single feature of an object. D) Newborns see more clearly at far distances than up close.

Patricia, age 10, refuses to wear dresses and insists on being called Pat. She knows she is a girl, but she says boys have it better. She prefers playing with boys and only plays the games they play

She says she wants to be a football player and a mother when she grows up. Pat has a. transsexualism. b. transvestism. c. gender identity disorder. d. no disorder.