Which component of test anxiety can be directly and effectively corrected by using coping statements?

Someone asks you who the twenty-second president of the United States was and you can't remember. To aid your memory, the person then tells you that the person's name is the same as that of a large city on Lake Erie,

but you still can't remember it. The person then tells you it is either John Sherman, Thomas Bayard, or Grover Cleveland. Upon hearing the names, you instantly recognize that Grover Cleveland is the answer. In this situation, the name Grover Cleveland acted as a(n) ______. a. elaborative image c. cross code b. structural cue d. retrieval cue

When a person is given a pre-test before an intervention, and then another test after an intervention or training, and his or her results are compared to determine progress, this is called

a. standardized measurement. b. criterion measurement. c. ipsative measurement. d. all of the above