Which is a reason an abdominal hysterectomy would need to be performed instead of a vaginal hysterectomy?

vaginal hysterectomy?
a. Ovarian mass
b. Multiple pregnancies
c. Less extensive incision
d. Early menarche

ANS: A
The open abdominal approach may be used for an ovarian mass; a fixed or enlarged uterus; exploration; inflammatory disease; and most malignant lesions of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. This approach permits inspection of pelvic and abdominal organs and lymph glands for biopsy or treatment.