Consider the relationship parents have with their children. Using that relationship as an example, describe how three cultural value aspects (individualism/collectivism, preferred personality, etc.) would manifest in that parent–child relationship. Be sure to discuss more than one manifestation of each value aspect

What will be an ideal response?

Answer: The seven cultural value aspects are as follows: The first value is individualism and collectivism. In some cultures, individualism is stressed, believing one’s primary responsibility is to one’s self; in others, collectivism is stressed, believing in the needs of the group over the individual. With parents and children, for example, in cultures where individualism prevails, many children are raised to be autonomous and to live on their own by late adolescence; in collectivist cultures, however, children often defer to parents when making important decisions, like accepting a new job or choosing a spouse. The second value is preferred personality, or whether it is more important to “do” or to “be.” With parents and children, a parent could stress the “do” element by wanting their child to find an occupation, whereas the child could stress the “be” element by wanting to discover their identity. The third value is human nature—in particular, whether humans are considered fundamentally good, evil, or a mixture. Depending on one’s view of this, parents could offer punishments for their children in disciplining them. The fourth element is the human–nature value orientation, or the perceived relationship between humans and nature. With parents and children, a parent’s view could influence how they raise their children and their view of the outside world. The fifth element is power distance, which refers to the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a culture expect and accept an unequal distribution of power. With parents and children, the power distance could be in flux—a younger child is easier to control than an older one. The sixth value is long-term versus short-term orientation, the dimension of a society’s value orientation that reflects its attitude toward virtue or truth. This could be seen in how parents raise their children and what they teach them. The seventh value is indulgence versus restraint orientation, a value orientation that reflects a subjective feeling of happiness. The indulgence orientation emphasizes a relatively free gratification of basic and natural human drives related to enjoying life and having fun. Restraint emphasizes suppressing gratification of needs and regulates it by means of strict social norms. With a parent and child, this could be a source of conflict, perhaps with a child’s more free-spirited, fun-seeking proclivities coming to a head with a parent’s desire to follow rules.