Through _____, active measures are taken in advance of a potentially stressful situation in order to prevent its occurrence or to minimize its consequences

If we have a regression line predicting the amount of improvement in your performance as a function of the amount of tutoring you receive, an intercept of 12 would mean that

a. you need to have 12 hours of tutoring to get an A. b. if you don't have any tutoring, the best you can do is a grade of 12. c. even without tutoring you will improve. d. tutoring helps.

The impact of maternal stress during pregnancy is most devastating on the fetus when the stress is

a. brief and mild. b. prolonged and mild. c. brief and severe. d. prolonged and severe.