Explain how the "reinstatement" procedure is used to model drug craving
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Extended experience with a drug results in conditioning of environmental drug cues with the drug state. These environmental cues can elicit craving for the drug during drug abstinence. In the procedure, rats are trained to self-administer a drug for an extended period of time with each lever press accompanied by a variety of cues (pump sound, lights, and perhaps tones). The drug response is extinguished by replacing the contents of the drug syringe with saline—over time the pressing ceases. On a test day, the rat receives a "free-shot" of the drug or experiences the drug cues. The key question is whether the drug prime or the drug cue will reinstate responding on the former drug lever.
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According to set point theory, if you consume more calories than you need for your weight, your metabolic rate will go ______, and if you eat fewer calories than you need your metabolic rate will go ______
a. down; down c. down; up b. up; down d. up; up
Independent variable is to dependent variable as ________
a) effect is to confound b) experimental is to correlation c) measure is to manipulate d) manipulate is to measure