Define the concept of attachment and summarize the patterns of attachment seen in infants
What will be an ideal response?
Attachment refers to the close, emotional bonds of affection that develop between infants and their caregivers. Attachment is generally observed through observation of separation anxiety, or the emotional distress seen in many infants when they are separated from people with whom they have formed an attachment.
In the 1970s, Mary Ainsworth found that most infants have a secure attachment, playing and exploring comfortably when mom is present, becoming visibly upset when she leaves, and calming quickly upon her return.
Some babies, however, show anxiety even when mom is near and protest excessively when she leaves, but are not particularly comforted when she returns. Ainsworth labeled this pattern anxious-ambivalent attachment. Finally, some babies seek little contact with their mothers and are not distressed when she leaves, a pattern Ainsworth labeled avoidant attachment.
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Which of the following is true of memory and culture?
a. Members of non-Western cultures perform poorly on tests that require the memorization of long lists of words, numbers, and facts because the exercises seem odd and foreign to them. b. People from Western cultures are better than members of other cultures at remembering lines of descent of families and detailed accounts of cultural heroes. c. People from Western schools do not perform as well as members of other cultures on tests that require memorization of long lists of words and numbers. d. Being able to recite long lists of facts, details, words, and numbers is the best overall measure of memory and is consistently high across cultures.
Which of the following is true regarding the absent pattern of grief?
A) This pattern of grief is very unhealthy and typically has severe negative consequences. B) The person feels little or no notable distress at any time following a death. C) This pattern is the healthiest form of grief because it indicates rapid and complete psychological adjustment to the loss. D) This pattern is associated with increased mortality of survivors.