About what percent of adult smokers began to smoke before the age of 18:

Which of the following statements most accurately defines "perception"?

A) Perception is reality. B) Perception is the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts and feelings to others. C) Perception is the tendency to generalize about people and ignore variations between individuals. D) Perception is the process by which motives are assigned to explain people's behaviour. E) Perception is the process of interpreting messages of our senses to provide meaning

When Just and Carpenter asked participants to report the relative heights of craftsmen

brothers based on a passage they had just read, their results showed that participants were slower at providing answers when information was directly available than when it was only implied. This was because the participants a. had problems caused by too much information. b. were making inferences based on mental models. c. were generally rather unpracticed with the formal logic required by deductive reasoning. d. were unable to arrange the abstract information into a spatial model. e. confused the type of reasoning that was called for.