If error in setting the policy is possible,
A) a standard generates smaller welfare losses than a fee when the MSC and MCA are both relatively flat.
B) a standard generates smaller welfare losses than a fee when the MSC and MCA are both relatively steep.
C) a standard generates smaller welfare losses than a fee when the MSC is relatively steep and the MCA is relatively flat.
D) a standard generates smaller welfare losses than a fee when the MSC is relatively flat and the MCA is relatively steep.
E) errors in standards and fees have equal welfare losses, so long as the errors are the same in percentage terms.
C
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It may be argued that Japan's explicit promotion of its microchip industry was an excellent example of successful industrial policy
What criteria would you apply to determine whether such a policy is or is not successful? Judging from your own stated criteria, was Japan's exercise successful? Why or why not? What information would a government require in order to increase the probability that its industrial policy would promote long term self-generated economic growth?
In Zimbabwe and Botswana, elephants can be owned by local tribes and trade in ivory is legal, while in countries such as Kenya, it is illegal to trade in ivory and elephants cannot be privately owned but are protected by the government. Which of the following is true regarding the change in the elephant populations since 1979 in these countries?
a. In Zimbabwe and Botswana, elephants are near the verge of extinction, while in Kenya, the population of elephants is growing rapidly. b. There has been a similar decline in the population of elephants in all of these countries. c. There has been a similar increase in the population of elephants in all of these countries. d. In Zimbabwe and Botswana, elephant populations have more than doubled, while in Kenya, the population of elephants has fallen to less than one-third of its previous level.