When your best friend does you an unexpected favor, you interpret it as a sincere sign of friendship, but if a coworker does you the same favor, you are more likely to wonder whether he or she has an ulterior motive. This difference in interpretation is due to what influencing factor on interpretation?

________ messages don't follow any of the formal lines of communication established by an organization

a. Upward b. Lateral c. Grapevine d. Networking

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following statements might make a journalist vulnerable to a libel suit?

A. Jane stole $3,000 from the store's cash register. B. Jane cheated on her tax returns by failing to report earnings of $30,000. C. Jane is so dishonest she should have a police escort wherever she goes. D. Jane used the company's money to finance a vacation to Bermuda.