In typography, what are the short cross-lines that end the principal strokes of individual letters?

Heterophony is when

a. one instrument plays a melody over a drone bass. b. two or more instruments play independent melodies. c. all instruments play the same notes together, in unison. d. two instruments play the same melody, but with different embellishments.

Who, in 1986, was the first African to receive the Nobel prize for literature?

A) ?Saiyad Abdallah B) ?Thomas Mofolo C) ?Wole Soyinka D) ?Leopold Senghor