In which of the following clinical conditions would noninvasive ventilation (NIV) be recom-mended?
1. Management of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
2. Management of premature extubation
3. Management of cardiogenic pulmonary edema
4. Management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only
ANS: B
Most clinicians consider HFOV and conventional ventilation the best ways to manage ARDS who require mechanical ventilation.
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