Levels of control higher than the program level resemble the functioning of the id

Based on his pioneering research on hunger, Walter Cannon concluded that

a. peripheral cues for hunger are secondary to central brain mechanisms. b. pressure stimulates the production of enzymes in the stomach. c. stomach cramps are responsible for hunger. d. stomach cramps are a necessary cue, but not a sufficient cue for hunger.

Sexual dysfunctions

a. are only diagnosed when the cause is psychological maladjustment. b. only occur in heterosexual couples. c. rarely affect the enjoyment of sex for the two parties in the relationship. d. involve the impairment of either the desire for sexual gratification or the ability to achieve it.