Which of the following control the inhibitory neurons that switch off the inspiratory ramp signal? 1. Apneustic center 2. Pneumotaxic center 3. Pulmonary stretch receptors

You are dispatched to aid a snowboarder who has sustained a shoulder injury. The injured man is sitting on the side of the trail and reports that because of past dislocations of the shoulder he has a subluxation, and that the shoulder is okay. Which of the following statements best describes his condition?

a. The shoulder has become dislocated but with can be managed with prescription pain drugs. b. The shoulder has an anterior dislocation. c. The shoulder has a posterior dislocation. d. The shoulder joint partially dislocates and then returns to a normal anatomic position.

What problem is the therapist likely to observe when a mechanically ventilated COPD patient continues to receive inspiratory flow while the patient is actively exhaling?

A. auto-triggering B. flow starvation during inspiration C. ineffective triggering D. respiratory muscle unloading