In this situation, the deadweight loss from monopoly is:

The free rider problem occurs because:

a. it is easy to exclude others from consuming a good. b. consumption is rivalrous, so the consumption of a product by one individual diminishes the amount available for others. c. exclusion is costly or impossible, so a consumer or producer can use a good without having to pay for it. d. external costs are imposed on others not directly involved in the transaction. e. individuals are not required to pay for those goods which do not yield any utility to them.

In 1996, if nominal GDP was about $8.5 thousand billion. The stock of money was

a. about the same as this. b. much less than this. c. much more than this. d. unrelated to this number.