Which of the following is an example of price competition?
a. Nike signs LeBron James to a $90 million contract for endorsements.
b. Kellogg's puts the images of Snap, Crackle, and Pop on boxes of Cocoa Krispies, linking the cereal with Rice Krispies.
c. McDonald's introduces new garden McSalads.
d. Tropicana introduces the Blue Raspberry Rush juice.
e. Apple offers a 20% discount on its new range of iPhones.
e
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A decrease in the reserve requirement would:
A) decrease excess reserves and reflect an expansionary monetary policy. B) decrease excess reserves and reflect a contractionary monetary policy. C) increase excess reserves and reflect an expansionary monetary policy. D) increase excess reserves and reflect a contractionary monetary policy.
Which of the following is a difference between a fixed effects estimator and a first-difference estimator?
A. The fixed effects estimators are always larger than the first difference estimators in a two-period panel data analysis. B. The fixed effects estimator is more efficient than the first-difference estimator when the idiosyncratic errors are serially uncorrelated. C. The first difference estimator is more sensitive to nonnormality and heteroskedasticity. D. The bias in the first difference estimator depends on the time period (T) of analysis while the bias in the fixed effect does not depend on T.