When someone experiences harm based solely on the expectation that they will experience harm, this is called the _____ effect

According to your authors, the most pervasive and serious challenge to Kohlberg's theory is that:

A) it is too limited. B) it is biased against females. C) it explains the behavior of children but not adults. D) it is not true across cultures.

Punishment experienced by models that affects the willingness of others to perform the behavior they learned by observing those models is called ________ punishment

a. mediated b. direct c. indirect d. vicarious