How many of the following (noise pollution, unsafe conditions, family instability) can negatively contribute to a child's development?

An outcome __________ is a person's assumptions about the consequences of his or her own behavior

a. presumption b. anticipation c. prediction d. expectancy

When caring for very young children, the most effective way to reduce misbehavior is

A) using consistent punishment. B) telling the children what not to do. C) spanking them when they do misbehave. D) making sure there are lots of positive things for them to do.