To ensure public access to the rulemaking process, states have adopted administrative procedure acts, which usually require public notice of the proposed rule and an opportunity for citizen comment

The concept of an open elite refers to the opportunity

A. for the military to decide who has access to political participation. B. for the judiciary to rule on who can participate in politics. C. for members of the political masses to become part of the political elite. D. for the bureaucracy to have more influence in policymaking.

Which of the following is NOT part of Machiavelli’s concept of politics?

a. Physical power, particularly military strength, is crucial in nation-state politics. b. In order for political leaders to survive, the ends justify the means. c. Machiavelli excludes the rule of law and Christian morality. d. The leader must seek to be both feared and loved.