Starting from long-run equilibrium, an increase in autonomous consumption results in ________ output in the short run and ________ output in the long run.

When the supply of credit is fixed, an increase in the price level stimulates the demand for credit, which in turn reduces consumption and investment spending. This argument is called the:

a. real balances effect. b. interest-rate effect. c. net exports effect. d. substitution effect.

Recycling in the United States in recent years

a. has decreased in spite of increased rates for common recycling materials. b. has remained unchanged, and increased raes for recycling may help. c. has increased with increased rates for recycling mterials. d. has increased with no help from increased fees for recycling materials.