Compare and contrast the two models (discrepancy and response to intervention) used to identify learning disorders in children. What are the pros and cons of each model in terms of understanding and treating learning disorders?

What will be an ideal response?

• Discrepancy model – different between an child's aptitude (usually IQ test) and achievement
o Pros – easy to measure
o Cons – lacks external validity because it doesn't identify what specific skill is missing; describes a learning disorder but doesn't help with intervention
• Response to intervention – focuses on how children respond to appropriate and high-quality interventions
o Pros – specifically identifies what academic skill and underlying cognitive processes is missing; is an integrated model that focuses on a child's response to appropriate instruction, low achievement, and individual differences
o Cons – assumes high-quality interventions have been attempted; difficult to quantify