Think about the properties of the different scales of measurement. Which scale do you think researchers would try to use most?

Which of the following is accurate about machine politics?

A. Personal friendships and favors are secondary. B. Ideologies and issues are the primary focus areas. C. Individuals are deprived of attention and recognition. D. The system helps in centralizing power in large cities.

Which of the following forms of expression is least likely to be accorded First Amendment protection?

a. Commercial advertising b. Symbolic political speech c. Libel d. Questionable scientific claims