A pathophysiologic condition that causes an increase in peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) while transairway pressure (PTA) remains the same is which of the following?
a. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
b. Asthma
c. Emphysema
d. Chronic bronchitis
ANS: A
An increase in peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) with a constant transairway pressure (PTA) is due to an increase in plateau pressure (Pplateau). The most common reason for a rise in Pplateau is acute res-piratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The three other choices are all obstructive diseases that would cause an increase in the PTA with no significant change in Pplateau.
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