Which of the following factors can have an impact on the outcomes of therapeutic communica-tion between patient and practitioner?

1. Verbal and nonverbal components of expression
2. Environmental factors (e.g., noise, privacy)
3. Values and beliefs of both patient and practitioner
4. Sensory and emotional factors (e.g., fear, pain)
a. 1, 2, and 3 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 1, 2, 3, and 4
d. 2, 3, and 4 only

ANS: C
Many factors affect communication in the health care setting (Figure 3-11).