In testing the statistical significance of rS, the critical value is based upon _____

Mariela believes that if she gets a favorable performance review, she will be more likely to get higher pay. According to expectancy theory, Mariela's belief reflects:

A) valence. B) expectancy. C) instrumentality. D) inputs.

If a personality theory is riddled with inconsistencies and contradictions, it is most likely to be criticized as

a) irrelevant. b) lacking comprehensiveness. c) unscientific. d) incoherent.