Compared to Europeans, Americans are willing to accept an unusually high level of

How do most surveys report sampling error?

a. as an inaccuracy rate b. as a margin of error c. as a modal response d. as nonresponse bias e. as a standard deviation

Adding an intervening variable in a bivariate analysis allows us to understand what potential part of the relationship?

A. direction of association B. strength of association C. causal mechanism D. nonspuriousness