According to Lazarus's cognitive appraisal, the first step in appraising a stressor is called ___________ appraisal.

The ______________, responsible for abstract reasoning and complex problem solving, is one of the last areas to mature and does not finish its prune-and-mature process until the end of adolescence

A) prefrontal cortex B) temporal cortex C) parietal cortex D) occipital cortex

Professor Atari is designing a study to determine if playing video games that require mental rotation of visual images fosters success on spatial reasoning tests. What is the best method of inferring cause and effect?

A) Choose a group of children who scored low on spatial reasoning tests and a group who scored high and compare the number of video game play hours for each group. B) Calculate a correlation between spatial reasoning test scores and the number of video game play hours by one group of children. C) Select a group of children who play a lot of video games and a second group who have never played video games and compare their scores on spatial reasoning tests. D) Randomly choose half of the children to play video games and half to play no video games and compare spatial reasoning measures for each group.