"Subordinated" debt is one form of __________ debt

Which of the following are typical implicit costs for a typical firm?

a. cost of raw materials used in manufacturing the product b. cost of machinery c. insurance costs d. opportunity costs of capital owned and used by the firm

Which of the following is a property of dummy variable regression?

A. This method is best suited for panel data sets with many cross-sectional observations. B. The R-squared obtained from this method is lower than that obtained from regression on time-demeaned data. C. The degrees of freedom cannot be computed directly with this method. D. The major statistics obtained from this method are identical to that obtained from regression on time-demeaned data.