What is the leading risk factor for the development of COPD?

a. Air pollution
b. Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
c. Cigarette smoking
d. Secondhand smoke

ANS: C
Although many risk factors exist for COPD (Box 25-1), the two most common are cigarette smoking (which has been estimated to account for 80% to 90% of all COPD-related deaths) and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency.

Health Professions

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