Mikel and several friends, each in a different location, are exchanging text messages to decide where to meet for dinner. During this exchange, their messages frequently overlap. Which model of communication best fits this scenario?

The problem with adopting the two-way symmetric model of public relations in developing nations is:

a. a lack of qualified PR practitioners. b. a business environment that is very competitive. c. two-way communication depends on a balance of power between publics and organizations, and this may not exist in developing nations. d. the culture doesn't have enough hierarchy.

Emotional appeals often focus on ________ emotions because people are highly motivated to reduce those emotions.

A. inappropriate B. long-lasting C. negative D. unexpected