Describe kinship studies, and explain how they are used in the field of developmental science

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Answer: Kinship studies compare the characteristics of family members. The most common type of kinship study compares identical twins, who share all their genes, with fraternal twins, who, on average, share only half. If people who are genetically more alike are also more similar in intelligence and personality, then the researcher assumes that heredity plays an important role. Kinship studies are used in the field of developmental science to help determine which traits and behaviors have a genetic link. For example, kinship studies of intelligence provide some of the most controversial findings in the field. Some experts claim a strong genetic influence, whereas others believe that heredity is barely involved. Currently, most kinship findings support a moderate role for heredity. Heritability research also reveals that genetic factors are important in personality. Unlike intelligence, however, heritability of personality does not increase over the lifespan. Finally, kinship studies can offer information about the role of heredity in psychological disorders, antisocial behavior, and depression.