The constructionist theory of presidential powers was articulated by The constructionist theory of presidential powers was articulated by

According to the Constitution, what power does the president have to negotiate executive agreements?

a. The Constitution says nothing about executive agreements. b. The Constitution says that executive agreements have the force of treaties but do not require Senate ratification. c. The Constitution says that the president may negotiate executive agreements in all areas except those explicitly forbidden by Congress. d. The Constitution requires that the Senate ratify executive agreements. e. The president is prohibited from negotiating executive agreements.

Which of the following is a method by which the bureaucracy is able to shape policy in the United States?

A) through the discretionary powers that it possesses B) through the advice that it gives to elected officials C) through its ability to strike against the government when it disagrees with a program enacted by public officials D) a and b E) none of the above