Checks are cleared between private banks by:

A golf course in Fargo, North Dakota — where it is very cold in the winter — is closed between November 1 and April 1 . If the owner of the golf course is rational, what criterion does he or she use in deciding to close the course for this extended period of time?

The effects of a decline in the value of financial assets, such as stocks, on consumption and the economy might be offset by

a. increasing government spending. b. decreasing the money supply. c. increasing taxes. d. undertaking no policy action.